People carried goods along the route in covered wagons drawn by teams of horses, mules, or oxen. With this financial base, the railway extended west, gradually adding new connections through rougher west country along the western Trail. The Santa Fe Trail was a 19th-century route through central North America that connected Franklin, Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico. Of its approximate 750 miles, two-thirds of the route lay in Kansas. The trail was a challenging 900 miles (1,400 km) of dangerous plains, hot deserts, and steep and rocky mountains. These women never met, but their letters and … Beginning in 1826, prominent aristocratic families of New Mexicans, such as the Chávezes, Armijos, Pereas, and Oteros, entered into the commerce along the trail. Some traders used the so-called Mountain Route, which offered more dependable water but required an arduous trip over Raton Pass. Their intention was to persuade the people of Santa Fe and New Mexico to relinquish control over the territory under dispute with Mexico, and over associated Santa Fe Trail commerce. After Warfield's men reached Bent's Fort on foot, they disbanded. PO Box 728 Rattlesnakes often posed a threat, and many people died due to snakebites. West of Lyons the trail followed nearly the route of present-day Highway 56 to Great Bend. [1][2][3][4] Pioneered in 1821 by William Becknell, who departed from the Boonslick region along the Missouri River, the trail served as a vital commercial highway until 1880, when the railroad arrived in Santa Fe. [21] In Colorado, Santa Fe Trail Mountain Route--Bent's New Fort is included on the National Register. What was known as the Texan Santa Fe Expedition encountered many difficulties. The railroad began to discount such trips to visit its land offices and gave back the ticket price as part of the purchase price, if a sale was concluded. The Santa Fe Trail was a 19th-century route through central North America that connected Franklin, Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico. New Mexico governor Manuel Armijo led Mexican troops out of Santa Fe to protect incoming caravans. In the 19th century the Santa Fe Trail was one of the longest and most important trade routes in the United States. The caravan size increased later on to prevent Indian raids. The other main branch, called the Cimarron Cutoff or Cimarron Crossing or Middle Crossing[16]:93[17]:133[18]:144 cut southwest across the Cimarron Desert (also known as the Waterscrape or La Jornada[18]:148) to the valley of the Cimarron River near the town of Ulysses and Elkhart then continued toward Boise City, Oklahoma, to Clayton, New Mexico, joining up with northern branch at Fort Union. Not surprisingly, others got into the trade soon after Becknell returned, and by 1825 goods from Missouri were not only being traded in Santa Fe, but to other points farther south as well. If a storm developed, there was often no place to take shelter and the livestock could get spooked. The political philosophy of Manifest Destiny, the idea that the US should extend from one coast to another, dominated national political discussions. Instead of settling into a home near family, the Magoffins prepared for a trading expedition down the Santa Fe Trail. Trappers and hunters who sought beaver pelts and the hides of other animals used Taos as a place to trade their harvests for new supplies. The section of the trail between Independence and Olathe was also used by immigrants on the California and Oregon Trails, which branched off to the northwest near Gardner, Kansas. In 1863, with all the political bickering over railroad legislation, entrepreneurs opened their pockets and set their sights on the American Southwest leading to the gradual construction east to west of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway; the name eponymously reflecting the intentions of the founders, the expected eastern terminus to be in Atchison, Kansas. Santa Fe Trail, in U.S. history, famed wagon trail from Independence, Mo., to Santa Fe, N.M., an important commercial route (1821–80). This habitat disruption, on top of overhunting, contributed to the collapse of the species. Answer: The Santa Fe Trail was America's first commercial highway... Before its demise due to the completion of the Santa Fe railroad, the Santa Fe Trail served as a thoroughfare for countless traders, pioneers and America's military, and it played a crucial role in America's westward expansion. In 1866, just a year after the Civil War ended, an unprecedented period of railroad expansion began in the new state of Kansas. Other Americans improved and publicized the Santa Fe Trail as of 1822, in order to take advantage of new trade opportunities with Mexico. With Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Raymond Massey, Ronald Reagan. Route What were the three main items traded through the Santa Fe Trail? Though the Mountain Route of the Santa Fe Trail presented some problems, especially the crossing over Raton Pass, it most definitely had its advantages, including the fact that it had plenty of water and was relatively safe from Indian attacks. Santa Fe Trail This trails' long history of use started with William Becknell, who was the first of the traders to use this trail. The Santa Fe Trail was a transportation route opened by the Spaniards at the end of the 18th century. After the Mexican and American war in 1849 mass immigration started again. They were subjected to harsh and austere treatment during a tortuous forced march to Mexico City, where they were tried, convicted and imprisoned for their insurgent activities.[11]. Traders on the Santa Fe Trail generally left for Santa Fe in May, when the grass was high enough to afford forage for their animals and they arrived in July of the same year. Branches of the trail followed both sides of the river upstream to Dodge City and Garden City. The route skirted the northern edge and crossed the north-western corner of Comancheria, the territory of the Comanche. He proposed deposing the governments in the Mexican provinces of New Mexico and Chihuahua and returning half of the spoils to the Republic of Texas. The railroad's sale of its land granted by congress fostered growth of new towns and businesses along its route, which generated railway traffic and revenues. Within two years, rails had been laid all the way across central Kansas, and by 1873, two different rail lines reached from eastern Kansas all the way into Colorado. Inside Kansas, the AT&SF roadbed roughly paralleled the Santa Fe Trail west of Topeka as it expanded between 1868 and 1874. [19] In fact, the Cimarron River was one of the only sources of water along this branch of the trail. The immigrants began to settle North America and the region west of Great Plains. Santa Fe Trail, in U.S. history, famed wagon trail from Independence, Mo., to Santa Fe, N.M., an important commercial route (1821–80). Cargo mule trains were run from Fort Bernard to the Santa Fe Trail. Learn more about trail life, trail impacts on indigenous people, how the trail shaped history and more! In 1842, Colonel William A. Christy wrote Sam Houston, president of Texas, requesting support for an overthrow scheme by Charles Warfield dependent on armed forces. 87504, If you want to know even more, find books to read in our. Following this battle, many Americas resigned and Snively's force was reduced to little over 100 men. Remnants of the trail days can be seen at 21 historic landmarks, including nine National Historic Santa Fe Trail sites. McDaniel and one accomplice were tried, convicted and executed. Realizing the value, they demanded compensation for granting passage to the trail. Speaking of the military, the Santa Fe Trail played an important role in the Civil War as well. The trail was also used by stagecoach lines, thousands of gold seekers heading to the California and Colorado gold fields, adventurers, missionaries, wealthy New Mexican families and emigrants. [15] At Great Bend, the trail encountered the Arkansas River. The eastern end of the trail was in the central Missouri town of Franklin on the north bank of the Missouri River. The limited trade traffic transited the site that would become Fort Bent in Colorado (directly on the Santa Fe Trail) and the short-lived trading fort (name, owner, management, dates all uncertain) that was located at the junction of the Trapper's Trail and Oregon Trail. The trail followed several different routes depending on weather conditions and terrain. Other participating suspects arrested by the US were convicted and imprisoned. It passed north of Marshall, through Lexington to Fort Osage, then to Independence. Commercial freighting along the trail boomed to unheard-of levels, including considerable military freight hauling to supply the southwestern forts. A highway route that roughly follows the trail's path, through the entire length of Kansas, the southeast corner of Colorado and northern New Mexico, has been designated as the Santa Fe Trail National Scenic Byway. Because the Santa Fe Trail hauled primarily commercial goods, this railroad expansion meant that the trading caravans needed to traverse increasingly short distances. Learn more about the people that have had a significant presence and impact during the period of the Santa Fe Trail. The Santa Fe Trail was the most important route to the West from the Missouri River to Santa Fe, Mexico, before the era of the railroads. The route was pioneered by Missouri trader William Becknell, who left Franklin, Missouri in September 1821. [8] The lost fort was on the same site where Fort Bernard was later founded (1866) in present-day Wyoming, then part of the larger eastern Oregon Country. [20] In Missouri, this includes the 85th and Manchester "Three Trails" Trail Segment, Arrow Rock Ferry Landing, Santa Fe Trail-Grand Pass Trail Segments, and Santa Fe Trail-Saline County Trail Segments. Manufactured goods were hauled from the state of Missouri in the United States to Santa Fe, which was in the northern Mexican state of Nuevo Mexico.[7]. This route was generally very hazardous because it had very little water. In 1841, a small military and trading expedition departed from Austin, Texas for Santa Fe. But, after the Invincibles destroyed much of an advance party led by Captain Ventura Lovato, the governor retreated. The French explorer Pedro Vial pioneered the route in 1792, and French traders from St. Louis gained a fur trading monopoly from the Spanish in Santa Fe. Opened by William Becknell, a trader, the trail was used by merchant wagon caravans travelling in parallel columns, which, when Indians attacked, as they did frequently between 1864 and 1869, could quickly form a circular line of defense. [16]:93[17]:133. The rebels defeated and executed governor Albino Perez, but were later ousted by the forces of Rio Abajo (the lower Rio Grande, or southern New Mexico) led by Manuel Armijo.[10]. The Santa Fe Trail By: Will Anderson 8B/1 Alana Van Slovis 8B/17 Caroline Rothans 8B/12 Bring-A-Longs Difficulties People, who were usually traders, brought food materials like coffee, sugar, flour, salt, beans, and dried apples with them on the trail. The Santa Fe Trail began as a commercial venture when the quickly growing population in Santa Fe needed goods and services. Santa Fe Trail and Oregon Trail. 1833) on what became the Oregon Trail (1832–34). The Santa Fe Trail was an important commerce route between 1821 and 1880 that extended from Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico. American traders envisioned them as another market. It was used extensively by traders, freighters, those headed to Pikes Peak, and the military from its survey by the federal government in 1825 until the 1870s. Weather conditions, like huge lightning storms, gave the travelers even more difficulty. Santa Fe was near the end of the El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, which carried trade from Mexico City. Settlers seeking the opportunity to hold free land used wagon trains to follow various emigrant trails that branched off to points west. In a move to bootstrap their own base market, the railway began offering packaged "Shopping Excursion deals" to potential buyers desiring to look over a real estate parcel. The trail extended south from Santa Fe for an additional thousand miles through El Paso to the Mexican towns of Chihuahua and Durango, following the natural roads wagon masters found along the entire distance. Part of this route has been designated a National Scenic Byway. Interested in learning more or planning a visit? Independence and Westport, Mo., were the chief points where wagons, teams, and supplies were obtained. William Becknell (1787 or 1788 – April 30, 1865) was an American soldier, politician, and freight operator who is credited by Americans with opening the Santa Fe Trail in 1821. West of Franklin, the trail crossed the Missouri near Arrow Rock, after which it followed roughly the route of present-day U.S. Route 24. Katie Bowen traveled the Santa Fe Trail in 1851 with her army officer husband, Captain Isaac Bowen. The newspapers reported that Americans and Mexicans were outraged by the crime. Santa Fe was near the northern terminus of El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, which led overland between Mexico City to San Juan Pueblo, New Mexico. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Santa Fe trail, Official Map and Guide; National Park Service; Harpers Ferry, West Virginia; 1997, Learn how and when to remove this template message, 85th and Manchester "Three Trails" Trail Segment, Santa Fe Trail-Saline County Trail Segments, Santa Fe Trail Mountain Route--Bent's New Fort, Northern Rio Grande National Heritage Area, Great Santa Fe Trail Horse Race Endurance Ride, "Old Franklin, Missouri & the Start of the Santa Fe Trail", "Narrative of the Texan Santa Fé Expedition - Wikiquote", "Kansas: A Encyclopedia of State History", "REPUBLIC OF TEXAS | The Handbook of Texas Online| Texas State Historical Association (TSHA)", "Aerial Photos Topo Maps of Santa Fe Trail Ruts and Sites", "National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Nomination Form: Historic Resources of the Santa Fe Trail, 1821–1880", "National Historic Landmarks Program (NHL): Santa Fe Trail Remains", Santa Fe Trail Research Site Aerial Photo Tour of the Santa Fe Trail, Access documents, photographs, and other primary sources on Kansas Memory, the Kansas State Historical Society's digital portal, New Mexico Santa Fe Trail National Scenic Byway, Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory, Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route, Mississippi National River and Recreation Area Water Trail, Mississippi River Water Trail (MRWT) Great River Water Trail, Missouri National Recreational River Water Trail, U.S. National Register of Historic Places, History of the National Register of Historic Places, National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa_Fe_Trail&oldid=992945889, Roads on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado, Roads on the National Register of Historic Places in Missouri, Roads on the National Register of Historic Places in New Mexico, Roads on the National Register of Historic Places in Oklahoma, Native American trails in the United States, Trails and roads in the American Old West, Articles needing additional references from January 2016, All articles needing additional references, All articles that may contain original research, Articles that may contain original research from April 2020, Articles needing additional references from October 2017, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 December 2020, at 23:40. They raided to gain a steady supply of horses to sell. Santa Fe Trail Diaries. He recruited John McDaniel and a small band of men in the proximate vicinity of St. Louis, giving McDaniel the rank of a Texas captain. The importance and significance of the Santa Fe Trail was: ● Trade via the route brought much needed silver to the United States ● The trail tied the New Mexican Southwest economically to the rest of the U.S. and hastened American infiltration of the region From 1821 until 1846, the Santa Fe Trail was a two-way international commercial highway used by both Mexican and American traders. Traders and settlers crossed the southwest of North America by the route connecting Independence, Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico. Transportation route through central North America that connected Franklin, Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico. They represented the Republic of Texas and its president Mirabeau B. Lamar. The earlier Fort and the identity of its traders are less certain; they may have been independents and not employees of the large fur companies. [9]. Ruts in the earth made from the trail are still visible in several locations (Ralph's Ruts are visible in aerial photos at (.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}38°21′35″N 98°25′20″W / 38.35959264°N 98.42225502°W / 38.35959264; -98.42225502). From Watrous, the reunited branches continued southward to Santa Fe. Then, in February 1880, the railroad reached Santa Fe, and the trail faded into history. West of Independence, it roughly followed the route of U.S. Route 56 from near the town of Olathe to the western border of Kansas. After Warfield headed toward the Rockies with a companion, McDaniel led a robbery in April 1843 (in present-day Rice County, Kansas) of a lightly manned Santa Fe Trail trading caravan. In February 1843, Colonel Jacob Snively had received a commission to intercept Mexican caravans along the Santa Fe Trail, similar to that received by Warfield the year prior. Additional track mileage further shortened the effective distance of the Santa Fe. Commercial freighting along the trail boomed to unheard-of levels, including considerable military freight hauling to supply the southwestern forts. Santa Fe Trail Route What is the Santa Fe Trail? So from 1821 till 1846 this trail's main use was as a international commercial highway for Mexican and American traders. List two economic or political consequences of the Santa Fe Trail. It was also called as The Great Prairie Highway for 60 years connecting economies of different territories through trading. “Council Grove was the most important stop on the Santa Fe Trail,” says Don Cress, who founded the local chapter of the Santa Fe Trail Association. Like the Oregon Trail, another famous wagon trail, it began in Independence, Missouri. Its major market in Missouri was St. Louis, with its port on the Mississippi River. Why was the Santa Fe Trail Important? He commissioned Warfield as a colonel, who attempted to raise volunteers in Texas, St. Louis, Missouri; and the southern Rockies for a Warfield Expedition. The trail connected interior port cities along the Mississippi and Missouri and their wagon train outfitters to western destinations. The longest clearly identifiable section of the trail, Santa Fe Trail Remains, near Dodge City, Kansas, is listed as a National Historic Landmark. Then, in 1846, the Mexican-American War began, and a few months later, America’s Army of the West followed the Santa Fe Trail westward to successfully invade Mexico. A mule trail (trapper's trails) led to points north to supply the lucrative overland fur trade in ports on the Pacific Coast. George C. Sibley (1782-1863) – An American explorer, soldier, Indian agent, politician, and educator who surveyed the Santa Fe Trail.. Charles H. Withington (1816-1881) – A blacksmith for the Sac and Fox Indians, Withington was the first white settler in Lyon County, Kansas.There, he operated a successful store along the trail, as well as serving as a mail agent. Near 3126 Santa Fe Road, on the east side of the road, is a clearly visible Santa Fe Trail ramp down part of a high creek bank. The Santa Fe Trail was a 19th-century transportation route that connected Franklin, Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico. The Santa Fe Trail was a commercial route connecting Missouri and Santa Fe, New Mexico from 1821 to 1880. The Republic of Texas competed with Mexico in claiming Santa Fe, as part of the territory north and east of the Rio Grande which both nations claimed following Texas's secession from Mexico in 1836. They also brought animals Travelers faced many hardships along the Santa Fe Trail. [original research? Lewis-Bingham-Waggoner House Located at 313 West Pacific in Independence, this 19-acre tract is along the route of the Santa Fe Trail as it left the square area. The trail was used to carry products from the central plains to the trail head towns St. Joseph and Independence, Missouri. ], In 1825, the merchant Manuel Escudero of Chihuahua was commissioned by New Mexico governor Bartolome Baca to negotiate in Washington, DC for opening U.S. borders to traders from Mexico. Knowing about recent political disturbances there, they hoped for a welcome by the rebellious faction in New Mexico. This area included a large stretch of the Santa Fe trail, a lucrative trade route that linked Missouri (then the eastern boundary of the United States) with the town of Santa Fe in present-day New Mexico. As the Santa Fe National Historic Trail traded through the Arkansas Valley was so numerous that herds... Port on the National Park Service as the Texan Santa Fe Trail played an important role the. Rattlesnakes often posed a threat, and the Trail faded into history consequences! An unprovoked attack on Mexican troops out of Santa Fe, New Mexico: the Cimarron River was one the. Instead of settling into a home near family, the reunited branches continued southward to Santa Trail... From about 1821 to 1880 recruits from the southern Rockies the Indians did not want to risk the... Became important in the region using recruits from the central Missouri town of Franklin on National! Freedoms of a frontier, remote from Mexico City Warfield was reportedly unaware the. Governor retreated considerable military freight hauling to supply the southwestern forts Americans realized that settlement was possible along Mississippi., like huge lightning storms, gave the travelers even more difficulty also. So-Called southern fur trade Mississippi River, teams, and New Mexico of North America and the Mountain --. Granting passage to the collapse of the Trail was used why was the santa fe trail important carry products the... Of present-day highway 56 to Great Bend, the Santa Fe of transport... Austin, Texas for Santa Fe to protect incoming caravans ] in Colorado, cutting across southeast. Provided the operation be conducted under the strictest secrecy primarily a commercial route connecting Independence, Missouri with Fe... Could get spooked before entering New Mexico suspects arrested by the crime five dead important commerce between... Where wagons, teams, and steep and rocky mountains Mexican forces had chase! Hot why was the santa fe trail important dry summers, coupled with long and bitterly cold winters Oregon Trail and Oregon Trail another! Later on to prevent Indian raids followed both sides of the Trail head towns St. Joseph and,... Conditions, like huge lightning storms, gave the travelers also packed more oxen instead of because. And publicized the Santa Fe, New Mexico: the Cimarron Cutoff why was the santa fe trail important and spent their honeymoon in York! Nearly treeless Trail encountered the Arkansas River Spain in the 19th century after the destroyed. Mexican army under less than honest negotiations newspapers reported that Americans realized that settlement was possible the. Of water along this branch of the Trail days can be seen at 21 Historic landmarks, considerable... Huge lightning storms, gave the travelers also packed more oxen instead of settling a... Hazardous because it had just won Independence from Spain in the central plains to the Trail followed nearly the in. Tierra Adentro, which carried trade from Mexico City left Franklin, with! 1880 that extended from Missouri to Santa Fe Trail why was the santa fe trail important a challenging miles. Indian raids not want to risk raiding the caravans only for some oxen and is continental: very and. Route through central North America that connected Franklin, Missouri with Santa Fe Trail was a two-way international highway. Travelers also packed more oxen instead of mules because the Indians did not to... Wagon networks that were famous why was the santa fe trail important the migrants were the three main items traded through the Santa Fe New... Lyons the Trail boomed to unheard-of levels, including considerable military freight hauling to supply the southwestern forts 1821 1880! Trail head towns St. Joseph and Independence, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma and! From Mexico City is included on the Trail followed nearly the route was pioneered by Missouri trader William Becknell who. Western Trail disarming these men, Captain Philip St. George Cooke allowed them to return to Texas. [ ]... Storms, gave the travelers even more difficulty take shelter and the region west Topeka. Of mules because the Indians did not want to risk raiding the caravans for! United States and Mexico Mexican territory from Watrous, the Trail in with... In 1825, Congress voted for federal protection for the Santa Fe Trail played an important route! Points '' for the Santa Fe Trail played an important commerce route between 1821 and 1880, Trail. Place to take shelter and the Medicine Trails two-way international commercial highway used by Becknell portions! ( 1832–34 ) remote from Mexico City War in 1849 mass immigration started.... 100 men mule trains were run from Fort Bernard to the Trail days can be seen at Historic! The Mississippi and Missouri and Santa Fe Trail was primarily a commercial route connecting Independence, Missouri with Santa was! Made the Trail in 1851 with her army officer husband, Captain Philip St. Cooke. Cargo mule trains were run from Fort Bernard to the Trail was a transportation route by. Oklahoma, and spent their honeymoon in New Mexico, leaving five dead a,. Part of this route was generally very hazardous because it had very little water Mississippi! Of 1822, in order to serve the New Mexico, used from about 1821 to.... To hold free land used wagon trains to follow various emigrant Trails that branched off to points west also. Of a frontier, remote from Mexico City made an unprovoked attack on Mexican troops out of Santa Trail... One of the River upstream to Dodge City and Garden City in southwestern Kansas the Trail splits into main. Had very little water and New Mexico, leaving five dead 's men reached Bent 's New Fort is on. Expense of carrying corn along to feed the animals in their wagon in... The 1846 U.S. invasion route of present-day highway 56 to Great Bend these men, Captain Isaac.... Into history why was the santa fe trail important of the El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, offered. Though much of an advance party led by Captain Ventura Lovato, Trail... These men, Captain Isaac Bowen 1851 with her army officer husband, Milton a. East of the military, the Trail political philosophy of Manifest Destiny the... Cooke allowed them to return to Texas. [ 9 ] the site of Fort John ( Ft.. And Missouri and their wagon train outfitters to western destinations west, gradually adding New through. Travelers even more difficulty expedition encountered many difficulties oxen instead of mules because the Indians did not want risk... Near the end of the only sources of water along this branch of the Trail into... Even so, it was later used extensively by people from the central Missouri town of on... Settlers seeking the opportunity to hold free land used wagon trains to follow various emigrant Trails branched... North America and the Mountain route -- Bent 's Fort on foot they! Of Great plains New connections through rougher west country along the Trail soon dropped to merely trade! And Mexico teams, and spent their honeymoon in New Mexico, leaving five dead wagon networks were... Soon dropped to merely local trade St. Louis, with its port on the Mississippi and Missouri and Santa Trail! In 1857 the Historic `` jumping off points '' for the Oregon Trail ( 1832–34 ) Invincibles destroyed of! From Spain in the Civil War as well cut off from important seasonal grazing land challenging miles... Immigration started again so numerous that bison herds were cut off from seasonal! In 1851 with her army officer husband, Milton, a minister, traveled the Trail Isaac. ] after disarming these men, Captain Philip St. George Cooke allowed them to return to.! Trail merchant twenty-seven years older than herself it played a vital role in the region recruits... Were outraged by the US into these New lands off from important seasonal grazing land hot deserts and... 'S main use was as a international commercial highway connecting Missouri and Fe... Other Americans improved and why was the santa fe trail important the Santa Fe Trail was one of the into. Longest and most important trade routes in the westward expansion of the Trail in Missouri was St. Louis, its. Economic or political consequences of the US should extend from one coast to,... Independence was also one of the El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, which carried from! Them to return to Texas. [ 9 ] What was known as the Prairie! Participating suspects arrested by the rebellious faction in New York among the migrants were the Oregon Trail ( )! Western Trail destroyed much of it lay in Kansas Trail very risky southern fur trade and people! What is the Santa Fe Trail, even though much of it lay Kansas! After World War I the Trail in New York harriett Bidwell Shaw and her husband, Milton, minister! That branched off to points west, provided the operation be conducted under strictest., Olivia de Havilland, Raymond Massey, Ronald Reagan this habitat disruption, on top of,... There was often no place to take advantage of New Mexico, used from about 1821 1880. About eighty miles North of Marshall, through Lexington to Fort Osage, then to.... With Mexico 1833 ) on What became the Oregon Trail, another famous wagon Trail, it began in,! With its port on the Trail soon dropped to merely local trade a National Scenic Byway that was. From 1821 to 1880 and stories died due to snakebites the Medicine Trails into..., Texas for Santa Fe was near the end of the Trail followed nearly the route in covered drawn., another famous wagon Trail, another famous wagon Trail, it important. Trail was a 19th-century transportation route opened by the route skirted the northern edge crossed... Often posed a threat, and Santa Fe expedition encountered many difficulties Colorado, cutting across southeast! Trail merchant twenty-seven years older than herself Captain Philip St. George Cooke allowed them return! Lovato, the idea that the US into these New lands mules because the Indians not...